The transition to turbulence of buoyant near-critical water jets

Observations of near-critical water jets are reported in the injection Reynolds number range of approximately 300–3000 to characterize their transition to turbulence. Three types of cases are described: (i) subcritical jet injected into subcritical water, (ii) supercritical jet injected into supercritical water, and (iii) supercritical jet injected into subcritical water. In each case, the working pressure was kept above the critical value to...