Elite

Feeling

Athletes

Social psychology

Modality (human–computer interaction)

Computer science

Coaching

Qualitative research

Physiology

Psychology

Politics

Applied psychology

Political science

Physical therapy

Psychotherapist

Modalities

Sociology

Medicine

Medical education

Human–computer interaction

Sports science

Elite athletes

Social science

Journal of science and medicine in sport

Introduction: Post-exercise recovery techniques are increasingly being used in elite sport. Scientific study in this area is emerging, but far from complete. The aim of this study was to collect qualitative information from coaches of elite athletes regarding the use and perceived effectiveness of different recovery techniques. Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Queensland Academy of Sport coaches and other high performance coaches from seven sports (three team sports and four individual sports). The interview questions sought to examine the coaches’ understanding of recovery, personal experiences, and the modalities and techniques used with their athletes. Interviews lasted an average of 45 min and were transcribed for qualitative content analysis and checked for accuracy by the coaches. Triangular consensus was used throughout the coding process to constantly revisit and redefine the open and axial codes that emerged. Results and conclusions: Practicality and accessibility (e.g., time and cost) for the athletes’ daily training environment were key factors influencing use of different recovery modalities. The commonly used modalities were nutrition, stretching, active recovery and contrast water immersion. Coaches reported that they applied recovery modalities according to their own past coaching experiences. Monitoring of recovery was most often through informal observation rather than formal investigation. The perceived effectiveness of recovery modalities was commonly reported to be impacted by the athletes’ and/or coaches’ feelings as a result of general observations, past experiences, and instinct. Assessment of scientific reports to guide recovery programming was not often reported. In summary, this study provided a valuable insight into the use of recovery modalities in elite sport with implications for a range of professionals assisting coaches and athletes.

The use and perceived effectiveness of recovery modalities and monitoring techniques in elite sport