Oxidative stress with an activation of the renin–angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction

Oxidative stress is known to be a major mechanism of endothelial dysfunction, which plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Although uric acid is one of the most important antioxidants, recent studies have suggested that uric acid may have a causal role in endothelial dysfunction. In order to understand the paradoxical association of uric acid with oxidative stress and vascular disease, we investigated whether uric acid...