Observing individual fish behavior in fish aggregations: Tracking in dense fish aggregations using a split-beam echosounder

Acoustic instruments are important tools for observing the behavior of aquatic organisms. This paper presents a simple but efficient method for improving the tracking of closely spaced targets using a split-beam echosounder. The traditional method has been a stepwise approach from the detection of echoes, rejection of apparently multiple targets and then tracking the remainder. This is inefficient because the split-beam angles are not included...