Multimodal Approach to Malnutrition in Malnourished Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Chronic organ failures, including chronic kidney disease, cardiac failure, and chronic pulmonary disease, share a common phenotype which is characterized by a high prevalence of anorexia, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hypogonadism, and anemia. Because of the systemic dimension of organ failure, such a phenotype results in a decrease in body mass, in addition to alterations of body composition and abnormal muscle structure,...