Bartering Globalization: China's Commodity‐backed Finance in Africa and Latin America

In just over a decade, China has become a source of finance for emerging market and developing country governments. Recipient governments and the Chinese have been less than transparent with respect to the scale, terms and composition of this finance, engendering a great deal of speculation about its nature. This article provides preliminary estimates of Chinese finance to both Africa and Latin America since the turn of the century, with a...