Umbilical vein

Reactive oxygen species

Hydrogen peroxide

Nitric oxide

Biochemistry

Alternative medicine

Tetramethylpyrazine

Organic chemistry

Superoxide dismutase

In vitro

Oxidative stress

Antioxidant

Enzyme

Pharmacology

Medicine

Chemistry

Incubation

Superoxide

Pathology

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology

Abstract: Tetramethylpyrazine has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. The underlying mechanism of cardioprotective effects, however, remains to be elucidated. Here, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we have assessed the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on H 2 O 2 ‐induced oxidative damage. After pre‐incubation with tetramethylpyrazine (50, 100 and 150 μg/ml) for 24 hr., viability loss in H 2 O 2 ‐induced HUVECs (76.5% of the control level, p &lt; 0.05, at 400 μM of H 2 O 2 for 12 hr.) was restored in a concentration‐dependent manner, and the maximal recovery (88.7% of the control level, p &lt; 0.05) was achieved with tetramethylpyrazine at 150 μg/ml. The production of reactive oxygen species was suppressed by measuring fluorescent intensity of 2′,7′‐dichorofluorescein (83.1% of the H 2 O 2 ‐treated group, p &lt; 0.05, at 150 μg/ml of tetramethylpyrazine). Tetramethylpyrazine also increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (144.1% and 118.3% of the H 2 O 2 ‐treated group, respectively, p &lt; 0.05, at 150 μg/ml of tetramethylpyrazine). In addition, tetramethylpyrazine reduced levels of malonaldehyde, intracellular nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase (83.8%, 91.2% and 78.7% of the H 2 O 2 ‐treated group, respectively, p &lt; 0.05, at 150 μg/ml of tetramethylpyrazine). Furthermore, pre‐incubation of tetramethylpyrazine with HUVECs for 24 hr. resulted in reduction of apoptosis and removal of cell cycle arrest in the S phase (56.6% and 59.7% of the H 2 O 2 ‐treated group, respectively, p &lt; 0.01, at 150 μg/ml of tetramethylpyrazine). Altogether, these results suggest that tetramethylpyrazine has a protective effect on H 2 O 2 ‐induced oxidative damage in HUVECs due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.

The Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine on Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells