Design of a diffractometer and flow cell system for X-ray analysis of crystalline proteins with applications to the crystal chemistry of ribonuclease-S

A flow cell in which a protein crystal is embedded in a changeable liquid medium during X-ray diffraction studies has proved useful in investigating the crystal chemistry of ribonuclease-S. The cell consists of a small polyethylene tube held in a brass yoke which in turn is held by a standard goniometer head. The crystal is prevented from moving by nesting it in cotton linters or particles of Sephadex. Serious scatter of X-rays from the cell and...