The impact of “soft” and “hard” TQM elements on quality management results

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between “soft” and “hard” TQM elements and quality management results. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data were drawn from 370 Greek companies using the questionnaire method. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to examine constructs' reliability and validity, while the relationships between them were examined through Structural Equation Modelling. Findings The study...