Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction: evidence from northern Italy

The duration of early Triassic anoxia in the carbonate ramp settings of the Werfen Formation (Dolomites, northern Italy) has been constrained using ichnofabric and sedimentological data. This includes fine lamination and abundant pyrite framboids commonly reworked into lags by storm events. The “anoxic” event spanned the entire Griesbachian Stage and extended from deep waters into extraordinarily shallow water settings; evidence for oxygen...