Interleukin‐21 modulates Th1 and Th17 responses in giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large-vessel vasculitis of unknown origin. Recent findings indicate that at least 2 separate lineages of CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th17 cells, participate in vascular inflammation. The pathways driving these T cell differentiations are incompletely understood, but may provide novel therapeutic targets. This study was undertaken to identify cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of GCA.Thirty GCA patients fulfilling...