Atmospheric evaporative demand observations, estimates and driving factors in Spain (1961–2011)

We analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution of evaporation observations from Piché atmometers (1961–2011; 56 stations) and Pan evaporimeters (1984–2011; 21 stations) across Spain, and compared both measurements with evaporation estimates obtained by four physical models: i.e., Food and Agricultural Organization-56 Penman–Monteith, Food and Agricultural Organization-Pan, PenPan and Penman, based on climate data. In this study we observed a positive...