The Role of the Expected Value of Individualized Care in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses and Decision Making

To explore the feasibility and potential role of the expected value of individualized care (EVIC) framework.The EVIC quantifies how much benefits are forgone when a treatment decision is based on the best-expected outcomes in the population rather than in the individual patient. We have reviewed which types of patient-level attributes contribute to the EVIC and how they affect the interpretation of the outcomes. In addition, we have applied the...