Intestinal Inflammatory Biomarkers and Outcome in Pediatric Clostridium difficile Infections

To identify specific fecal biomarkers for symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection and predictors of poor outcomes.We enrolled 65 children with positive C difficile testing (cases) and 37 symptomatic controls. We also analyzed stool samples from colonized and non-colonized asymptomatic children. We performed enzyme immunoassays to determine fecal interleukin (IL)-8, lactoferrin, and phosphorylated-p38 protein concentrations, and quantitative...