Difference in lifetime medical expenditures between male smokers and non-smokers

It is controversial whether smokers have higher lifetime medical expenditures than non-smokers, because smokers have high annual medical expenditures but comparatively short lives. We examined differences in lifetime medical expenditures between them. We constructed life tables for male smokers and non-smokers from 40 years of age. We calculated average annual medical expenditures of them categorized by survivors and deceased, which were used to...