The participation of universities in technology development: do creation and use coincide? An empirical investigation on the level of national innovation systems

Relying on patent information, we map the presence and impact of universities in technological landscapes across several major countries and fields. The creation of academic technology is examined by analysing patents applied for by universities. The ‘use’ of academically owned technologies is assessed through citations from industrially owned patents towards university patents. Considering simultaneously the creation and use of academic...