Effects of channel spacers on direct contact membrane distillation

The effects of spacers on flux enhancement of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) had been studied for high concentration NaCl aqueous solution. For DCMD experiments, spacers were filled in different channels of the module. The effects of spacers on temperature polarization and concentration polarization were demonstrated. By contrasting different modes of spacers filling channels, it was found that: (1) the coarse spacer enhanced fluxes...