Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and their functional correlations in neurodegenerative diseases

The continuous production and efflux of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species from endogenous and exogenous sources can damage biological molecules and initiate a cascade of events. Mitochondria are pivotal in controlling cell survival and death. Cumulative oxidative stress, disrupted mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial damage are related with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and...