Mechanism of apoptosis induced in hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cell lines by Tinospora crispa: targeting signalling of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and the insulin signalling (IS) pathway

Hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cell line proliferation is controlled by insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling system. It is affected by exaggeration of self-producing IGF-1 ligand and disruption of the insulin signalling (IS) pathway which are later inhibit apoptotic activity. Tinospora crispa, a local herbal plant used as folklore medicine, contains natural insulin enhancer and possesses antiproliferative effects. The plant will be used in the study...