Song of the burbot: Under-ice acoustic signaling by a freshwater gadoid fish

Burbot (Lota lota) are northern freshwater gadoid fish that spawn under ice-cover, making their reproductive behavior largely unknown to science. Some members of the cod family vocalize as part of their mating system. These calls are produced by rapidly contracting drumming muscles on their swim bladders. Burbot also possess drumming muscles, like their marine counterparts, which may enable them to vocalize. To assess the potential for burbot to...