Speed of internationalization and entrepreneurial cognition: Insights and a comparison between international new ventures, exporters and domestic firms

This paper examines four aspects of managerial cognition among firms, as differentiated by speed of market entry. Aspects are: risk perception, proactivity, tolerance for ambiguity and international orientation. Internationalization speed is indicated by rapidity of first market entry resulting in three groups of firms: international new ventures, traditional exporters and domestic firms. For all groups, proactivity is the basic premise for risk...