Drivers of internationalisation of companies from emerging economies: comparing Petrobras (Brazil) and PDVSA (Venezuela)

The history of the global oil industry is essential to understand the rise of multinational enterprises. Petrobras, in particular, has started to exploit in international markets the world-class technology it developed to exploit deepwater oil fields. PDVSA, on the other hand, has focused its international expansion strategy in building a network of refineries in key consuming markets. This paper examines the cases of Petrobras and PDVSA. The...