Tricritical crossover in earthquake preparation by analyzing preseismic electromagnetic emissions

Fracture-induced electromagnetic emissions (EME) have been observed from the laboratory to the geophysical scale permitting the monitoring of damage evolution. It has been shown that the first appearing MHz EME presents second-order phase transition characteristics and has been attributed to the fracture process of the heterogeneous medium surrounding the family of strong entities (asperities) distributed along the fault sustaining the system....