Competence-creating subsidiaries and FDI technology spillovers

Building on International Business research on subsidiary activities, this paper investigates the relationship between the type of innovation-intensive activities in an MNE subsidiary and FDI spillovers. Our results show that competence-creating activities by MNE subsidiaries generate significantly different horizontal and vertical spillovers compared with competence-exploiting activities. The findings suggest that FDI spillovers are influenced...