REVIEW: Identifying links between vital rates and environment: a toolbox for the applied ecologist

Summary In a rapidly changing world, understanding and predicting population change is a central aim of applied ecologists, and this involves studying the links between environmental variation and vital rates (survival, fecundity, etc.). Demographic analysis and modelling can be daunting for practicing ecologists, and here we provide an overview of some of the most important issues and methods. Collection of demographic data should follow...