Estimating demographic parameters from capture–recapture data with dependence among individuals within clusters

Summary Two‐level data, in which level‐1 units or individuals are nested within level‐2 units or clusters, are very common in natural populations. However, very few multilevel analyses are conducted for data with imperfect detection of individuals. Multilevel analyses are important to quantify the variability at each level of the data. In this study, we present two‐level analyses for estimating demographic parameters from data with imperfect...