Nest survival of Red-winged Blackbirds in agricultural areas developed for wind energy

Wind energy development is a major priority in the United States, both economically and environmentally. However, there are growing concerns about the impacts to wildlife, including direct mortality and indirect effects such as displacement. Yet little knowledge has been gained regarding effects on reproduction. We monitored 534 Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius pheoniceus) nests at three wind farms and paired control sites in Iowa during 2011 and...