Optimal lot-sizing integration policy under learning and rework effects in a manufacturer–retailer chain

Most research in economic manufacturing/order quantity management assumes that all products are of perfect quality and are produced at a constant production rate. One result of this assumption is that the number of units produced in a given period is constant, which is not the case in real life. Most production systems produce items which are of perfect quality along with some that are of imperfect quality. Defective items, as well as the...