Plant quality and local adaptation undermine relocation in a bog specialist butterfly

The butterfly B oloria aquilonaris is a specialist of oligotrophic ecosystems. Population viability analysis predicted the species to be stable in B elgium and to collapse in the N etherlands with reduced host plant quality expected to drive species decline in the latter. We tested this hypothesis by rearing B . aquilonaris caterpillars from B elgian and D utch sites on host plants (the cranberry, V accinium oxycoccos ). Dutch plant quality was...