6‐Shogaol, an active constituent of ginger, inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by reducing matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression via blockade of nuclear factor‐κB activation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Shogaols are reported to possess anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, the antimetastatic potential of shogaols remains unexplored. This study was performed to assess the effects of shogaols against breast cancer cell invasion and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The anti‐invasive effect of a series of shogaols was initially evaluated on MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells using...