Thermal stabilization of duct-ventilated railway embankments in permafrost regions using ripped-rock revetment

Duct-ventilated railway embankment (DVE) is relatively effective at preserving underlying permafrost under the current climatic conditions. To increase its capacity to adapt to climate warming, a ripped-rock revetment was added to the DVE. To evaluate the effectiveness in cooling of different embankment treatments, long-term in-situ soil temperature data were collected from eight experimental embankment sections along the Qinghai–Xizang Railway...