Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor and IL-1α and IL-1β in Diabetic Patients

To determine whether chronic hyperglycemia causes increased levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta.Sera were obtained from 59 diabetic patients, 44 chronically ill nondiabetic patients, and 34 age-matched healthy control subjects. Mononuclear cells were isolated from a subgroup of diabetic patients and healthy control subjects.Except for a modest increase in the prevalence of detectable...