Metal ions doped chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) nanospheres: Synthesis and their application in simultaneously electrochemical detection of four markers of pancreatic cancer

In this work, a one-pot method was designed to synthesize copper ions, cadmium ions, lead ions and zinc ions doped chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) nanospheres. Those nanospheres can not only produce independent electrochemical signals, but also react with glutaraldehyde (GA) to immobilize different labeled antibodies. Using the modified nanospheres as immunoprobes, a sandwich-type immunosensor was fabricated to simultaneous detection of four tumor...