Fabrication of graphene oxide-β-cyclodextrin nanoparticle releasing doxorubicin and topotecan for combination chemotherapy

Controlled delivery of dual chemical drugs may increase the efficiency of chemotherapy. In this work, doxorubicin (DOX) was bound to adamantanecarboxylic acid (AD-COOH) through covalent linkage to form AD-DOX, while graphene oxide (GO) was modified by ethylenediamino-β-cyclodextrin (EDA-CD) to form graphene oxide-β-cyclodextrin (GO-CD), then GO-CD was assembled with as-produced AD-DOX via host–guest interaction. In contrast to the conjugation of...